Dandruff can appear due to various reasons.

Dandruff can be a case of seborrheic dermatitis and develop due to Malassezia globosa, a yeast fungus. This microorganism is a part of the natural scalp flora and usually causes no trouble. But when sebum production is increased, the fungi that eat it start reproducing very fast. The byproducts that appear cause the scalp cells to clump together, resulting in dandruff.
Dandruff can appear due to the use of hair dyes or an abundance of hair-care products.
Flaking might happen as a result of a very dry scalp, like, for example, during winter.
Oily skin, together with infrequent washing, can lead to a build-up of sebum that results in dandruff.
Hormonal problems, a weak immune system, and some skin diseases can also lead to dandruff.

Most of the time, dandruff that appears due to bad care is easy to get rid of, but flaking due to a case of seborrhoea requires a very long treatment.

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