Dandruff can appear due to various reasons.

Dandruff can be a case of seborrheic dermatitis and develop due to Malassezia globosa. This microorganism is a part of the natural scalp flora and usually causes no trouble. But when the sebum production is increased, the fungi that eat it start reproducing very fast. The byproducts that appear cause the scalp cells to clump together and we see dandruff.
Dandruff can appear due to the wrong hair care.
Flaking might happen as a result of a very dry scalp, like, for example, during winter.
Oily skin together with rare washing can lead to a build-up of sebum that results in dandruff.
Hormonal problems, a weak immune system, and some skin diseases can lead to dandruff.

Most of the time, dandruff that appears due to bad care is easy to get rid of. But flaking that is a case of seborrhoea requires a very long treatment.

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