FireWire, IEEE 1394, or i-Link, is a high-speed computer data interface that is used to connect personal computers, audio and video devices, and other professional and consumer electronics. In the late 1980s, the American computer and electronics company, Apple Inc., led the initiative to adopt the 1394 standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE 1394). Apple trademarked FireWire for its own use in 1993, and the Japanese electronics company, Sony Corporation, another early developer of this type of connector, trademarked i-Link for its products. Devices on a FireWire network could be connected and disconnected without turning off the power. Because of its high and reliable bit rate, IEEE 1394 was often used for professional real-time video editing and transmission. However, in 2012, Apple released its last computer with FireWire.
Lightning is a connector created and designed by Apple Inc. It was presented on September 12, 2012, to replace its predecessor, a 30-pin dock connector. The lightning connector is used for connecting mobile Apple devices, such as iPhones, iPads, and iPods. The lightning male connector is symmetrical (same pins on both sides), so it can be inserted into the lightning female port in any orientation. Apple offers various adapters that allow the lightning connector to be used with other interfaces, such as 30-pin, USB, HDMI, VGA, and SD cards.
Thunderbolt is a trademark hardware interface for connecting external peripheral devices to the computer. It was designed by Intel in collaboration with Apple. Thunderbolt unites PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into 2 serial signals and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable. 1 slot can support up to 6 peripherals in different topologies. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as the Mini DisplayPort (MDP), while Thunderbolt 3 and 4 reuse the USB-C connector from USB.

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